Employee Info

UniqueID

N06219

Photo

First Name

Richard

Middle (1)

Brice

Middle (2)

Last Name

Hoover

Suffix

Biography

Professor Dr. Richard Brice Hoover began his NASA career in 1966 in the Applied Research Branch, Astrionics Laboratory of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. His first area of research in Optics was concentrated on Lasers, Holography, Fraunhoffer Diffraction and the development of Scatter Fringe Interferometers. Hoover invented the Ealing-Hoover Diffraction Plates for classroom demonstrations of Fraunhoffer Diffraction effects and patented several novel types of x-ray telescopes, microscopes, collimators and spectrometers. He constructed state-of-the-art interferometers and other Optical Metrology methods for testing Advanced Visible Light and X-ray Space Telescopes. Working on the LRRR Program, planned for tracking the Saturn V Moon Rockets, Richard Hoover helped specify and procure a highly specialized Ritchey-Chretien telescope. This instrument was constructed on Madkin Mountain, Redstone Arsenal. It provided the LRRR Proof of Concept by tracking and measuring the distance to from laser retroreflectors mounted on U-2 and SR-71 Aircraft as they streaked across the skies high above Huntsville. Due to weight restrictions, the Laser Retroreflectors were never deployed on the Saturn V Moon rockets, However, LRRR arrays were ultimately carried to the Moon by the Apollo 11 and 15 Astronauts. The large Apollo 15 LRRR array working with the 3.5 M APOLLO telescope at Apache Point, New Mexico provides precise measurements of the distance from the Earth to the Moon. These mirrors continue to provide valuable data on changes in lunar orbital distance and motion. The accurate determination of time variation of the gravitational constant G provides the best test of diverse theories of gravitation and allowed evaluation of the accuracy of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity predictions of motion of the Moon. In 1967, Prof. Hoover was appointed Co-Investigator (Co-I) for the Apollo Telescope Mount ATM Experiment S-056 X-Ray Telescope. This instrument was flown on SKYLAB and produced 25,000 high resolution soft x-ray images of the Sun. Hoover worked at Mission Control at NASA JSC during the SKYLAB missions and then participated to the Post Flight Analysis of the S-056 data. These high-resolution X-ray images yielded new information on the plasma physics of Solar Flares, Coronal Loops and X-ray bright points. Dr. Hoover served as Co-Principal Investigator (with Co-PI Sir Robert L. F. Boyd, Director, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London) for the U.S./U.K. SKYLARK Rocket X-ray Telescope. This X-ray telescope was launched in 1974 from Woomera, South Australia on a Sounding Rocket to study soft X-ray emission from the Puppis-A supernova remnant. Prof. Richard B. Hoover served as Co-PI (with Prof. Arthur B. C. Walker, Jr. of Stanford University) for the Stanford/MSFC Rocket X-Ray Spectroheliograph. This experiment was launched on a Terrier-Boosted Black Brant Sounding Rocket from White Sands, New Mexico. It carried the doubly reflecting Normal Incidence Multilayer X-ray Telescope using Bragg Diffraction with multilayer x-ray mirrors. Their research paper describing the the instrument and the first high-resolution Fe IX/Fe X (173 angstrom) soft x-ray image of the Sun ever produced with a normal incidence x-ray telescope was published in Science in 1988 with their Solar X-ray Image on the cover. In 1992, Dr. Hoover's Team launched the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA) Observatory on a Sounding Rocket from White Sands, NM producing simultaneous soft x-ray/EUV images of the Solar Photosphere, Chromosphere and Corona. Multilayer x-ray optical systems have now come to be widely used in X-ray Astronomy. With the multilayer coatings applied at glancing angles of incidence, instruments can be constructed as Hard X-ray/Gamma Ray Imaging Telescope and as Super-Mirrors for reflecting Neutrons in Nuclear Reactors. Professor Hoover served as Advisor for students performing research in X-ray Optics and Solar Physics for their Ph.D. degree at Stanford University, the University of Alabama in Birmingham and the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. In 1997, Prof. Richard B. Hoover established the Astrobiology program at NASA/MSFC. In this capacity, he organized and was Scientific Team Lead for expeditions to many of the most hostile environments on Earth. He conducted collaborative Astrobiology research on microbial life in Deep Vostok Ice Cores with Dr. Sabit Abyzov (INMI-RAS) and ancient permafrost with Dr. David Gilichinsky in the Kolyma Lowlands of far Northeast Siberia. His expeditions to hostile environments of Earth resulted in discovery and valid publication of 1 new Family; 6 new Genera and 15 new species of extremophile bacteria and archaea previously unknown to Science. In recognition of the scientific expeditions he led to explore ice caves in Alaska, Antarctica, Austrian Alps, Iceland, Patagonia, Siberia, and South Africa and for his discovery of microfossils in meteorites and novel life forms in extreme environments, he was elected Fellow National of the Explorers Club in 2001. He carried the Explorers Club Flag #162 during his Expeditions to the Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica (January 28 - February 20, 2008) and Lake Untersee, Antarctica (November 5, 2008 to December 21, 2008). Prof. Richard B. Hoover initiated research on microfossils in ancient rocks and carbonaceous meteorites at the Space Sciences Laboratory of NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center in 1997. In this research, Hoover began a longstanding collaboration with Academician Prof. Dr. Alexei Yu. Rozanov, Director of the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Using State-of-the-Art Scanning Electron Microscopes at NASA/MSFC and at the Paleontological Institute (RAS), they had independently discovered well-preserved fossilized remains of cyanobacteria, acritarchs, diatoms in diverse carbonaceous meteorites. Using data on the element composition of living cells, Dr. Hoover pioneered the application of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy for distinguishing ancient indigenous biological remains from modern bio-contaminants. This technique was based on Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy measurements of the nitrogen content and the ratios of the major life-critical Bioelements (C/O; C/N; C/S an C/P) in the microfossils embedded in-situ in freshly fractured interior surfaces of the meteorites and ancient terrestrial rocks. Prof. Hoover continues to study microfossils in meteorites with scientists in Russia, UK, Georgia, Spain, France and Denmark. His book “ATLAS OF MICROFOSSILS: The Orgueil Meteorite” with Academician Rozanov and colleagues at the Astrobiology Sector, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia was published in 2020. Prof. Hoover holds 13 US and 2 International Patents and was selected 1991 MSFC Inventor of the Year and the 1992 NASA Inventor of the Year and Nominee for National Inventor of the Year. He has served on the Board of Directors of SPIE (1989-2002) and was President of SPIE in 2001. He was awarded the 2009 SPIE Gold Medal of the Society, the highest honor bestowed by the Society. His research on Microbial Extremophiles and Microfossils in Meteorites has been featured in films produced by the The Science Channel, NASA's Unexplained Files, The History Channel, Ancient Aliens, NHK Japan Television, National Science Foundation: “Science Nation: Extremophiles”, BBC, Discovery Channel, National Geographic and NBC/LX. Professor Richard B. Hoover has Authored/Edited 53 Books and Monographs, 67 encyclopedia articles and over 330 scientific papers on X-ray Optics, Solar Physics, Diatoms, Bacteria, Microfossils and Meteorites. He is Honorary Life Member of the Planetary Studies Foundation, Chicago; Visiting Research Professor, University of Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, UK and NASA/Emeritus-Docent, United States Space & Rocket Center. On October 21, 2021, in a Ceremony held in the Presidium of the Academy in Moscow, Prof. Dr. Richard B. Hoover was awarded the Degree and Title: Doctor of Sciences, Honoris Causa of the Russian Academy of Sciences. PROJECTS WORKED BY DR. RICHARD HOOVER 1996-2011 - Co-Investigator (With Dr. David McKay, NASA/GSFC; Biomarkers in Astromaterials) 1996-2011 - Co-Investigator (With Dr. Kenneth Nealson USC; Microbial Extremophiles) 1996-2011 - NASA/MSFC Virtual Astrobiology Institute 1988-1995 - Co-Principal Investigator Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTC) 1981-1988 - Co-Principal Investigator Stanford/MSFC Rocket X-Ray Spectroheliograph 1971-1974 - U. S. Principal Investigator – U.S./U.K. SKYLARK Rocket X-ray Telescope 1968-1974 - Co-Investigator – NASA SKYLAB ATM Experiment S-056 1966-1967 - LRRR DISCOVERIES: Validated New Family of Bacteria Williamwhitmaniaceae, fam. nov. (2017) DISCOVERIES: Validated New Genera of Bacteria Williamwhitmaniia, gen. nov. (2017) Proteocatella, gen. nov. (2009) Anaerovirgula, gen. nov. (2006) Spirochaeta, gen. emend. (2003) DISCOVERIES: Validated New Species of Bacteria Thermococcus thioreducens, sp. nov. (2007) Williamwhitmaniaceae taraxaci, gen. nov., sp. nov. (2017) Proteocatella sphenesci gen. nov., sp. nov. (2009) Spirochaeta dissipatitropha sp. nov. (2009) Anaerovirgula multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. (2006) Trichococcus patagoniensis sp. nov. (2006) Carnobacterium pleistocenium sp. nov. (2005) Spirochaeta americana sp. nov. (2003) Tindallia californiensis sp. nov. (2003) Desulfonatronum thiodismutans sp. nov. (2003) DISCOVERIES: Validated New Species of Archaea Thermococcus thioreducens, sp. nov. (2007) DISCOVERIES: ATCC Strain Janthinobacterium schirmacherense, strain Ant5-2 (2013) SCIENTIFIC BOOKS VOLUMES ON ASTROBIOLOGY, MICROPALEONTOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY & DIATOMS 1. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. & Wickramasinghe, Nalin C. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XVI, Proc. SPIE 8865, (2013). 2. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. & Davies, Paul C. W. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XV, Proc. SPIE 8821, (2012). 3. Hoover, Richard B., Davies, Paul C. W., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XIV, Proc. SPIE 8152, (2011). 4. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. & Davies, Paul C. W. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XIII, Proc. SPIE 7819, (2010). 5. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. & Retherford, Kurt D. (eds.), Instruments and Methods for Astrobiology and Planetary Missions XII, Proc. SPIE 7441 (2009). 6. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. & Davies, Paul C. W. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI, Proc. SPIE 7097, (2008). 7. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. & Davies, Paul C. W. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology X, Proc. SPIE 6694, (2007). 8. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology IX, Proc. SPIE 6309, (2006). 9. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.), Astrobiology and Planetary Missions, Proc. SPIE 5906, (2005). 10. Hoover, Richard B., Paepe, Roland, R. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.) Perspectives in Astrobiology, Volume 366 NATO Science Series: Life and Behavioural Sciences, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1-240, 2005. 11. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology VIII, Proc. SPIE 5555, (2004). 12. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. & Paepe, Roland, R., (eds.), Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology VII, Proc. SPIE 5163, (2004). 13. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. & Lipps, Jere H. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology VI, Proc. SPIE 4939, (2003). 14. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. & Paepe, Roland, R., (eds.), Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology V, Prroc. SPIE, 4859, (2003). 15. Gorenstein, Paul & Hoover, Richard B., (eds.), X-Ray Optics for Astronomy: Telescopes, Multilayers, Spectrometers, and Missions, SPIE 4496, (2002). 16. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. & Paepe, Roland, R., (eds.), Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology IV, SPIE 4495, (2002). 17. Kumakhov, Muradin A. & Hoover, Richard B. (eds.) X-Ray and Neutron Capillary Optics II, Proc. SPIE 5943, (2005) 18. Zhegallo, Elena A., Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Ushatinskaya, Galina T., Hoover, Richard B., Gerasimenko, Ludmila M., & Ragozina, Alla L., “Atlas of Microorganisms from Ancient Phosphorites of Khubsughul (Mongolia)”, NASA/TP 209901 (In English and Russian), pp. 1-167, 61 Figs. (2000). 19. Hoover, Richard B., Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology III, SPIE 4137, (2000). 20. Hoover, Richard B., Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II, SPIE, 3755, (1999). 21. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II, (eds.), X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions, SPIE, 3444, (1998). 22. Hoover, Richard B., Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE, 3441, (1998). 23. Hoover, Richard B., Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms, SPIE, 3111, (1997). 24. Richard B. Hoover, “Original Collection of Albert Grunow for the Schizonema and Berkeleya Monograph,” Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde van Antwerpen, pp. 1-102, 1978). 25. Richard B. Hoover. “Types du Synopsis of British Diatomaceæ: Inventory of the Original Typical Collection of the Reverend William Smith (1808-1857),” Royal Society of Zoology of Antwerp, Royal Albert I Library, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 1-106, 11 plates. (1976). VOLUMES ON EUV, X-RAY, -RAY AND NEUTRON OPTICS & DETECTORS 26. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II (eds.), X-Ray Optics, Instruments and Missions, IV, SPIE 4138, (2000). 27. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II (eds.), X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions II, SPIE, 3766, (1999). 28. Doty, F. P. & Hoover, Richard B., Hard X-Ray and Gamma Ray Detector Physics and Applications, SPIE, 3446, (1998). 29. Hoover, Richard B. & Doty, F. Patrick, Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications, SPIE, 3115, (1997). 30. Hoover Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C. II, Grazing Incidence and Multilayer X-Ray Optical Systems, SPIE, 3113, (1997). 31. Hoover Richard B. & Doty, F. Patrick, Hard X-Ray/Gamma Ray and Neutron Optics, Sensors, and Applications, SPIE, 2859, (1996). 32. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III, SPIE, 2805, (1996). 33. Hoover, Richard B. & Williams, Mark, X-Ray and Ultraviolet Sensors and Applications, SPIE 2519, (1995). 34. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II, X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Optics, SPIE, 2515, (1995). 35. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Advances in Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV/FUV Optics, SPIE, 2279, (1994). 36. Hoover, Richard B. & Tate, Mark, X-Ray and UV Detectors, SPIE, 2078, (1994). 37. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics II, SPIE, 2011, (1993). 38. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C. , II, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics for Astronomy and Projection Lithography, SPIE 1742, (1992). 39. Hoover, Richard B., X-Ray Detector Physics and Applications, SPIE, 1736, (1993). 40. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics, SPIE, 1546, (1991). 41. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II, X-Ray/EUV Optics for Astronomy, Microscopy, Polarimetry and Projection Lithography, SPIE, 1343, (1990). 42. Richard B. Hoover, X-Ray/EUV Instrumentation for Astronomy and Microscopy, SPIE 1160, (1989). 43. Richard B. Hoover, Roger J. Thomas, and James H. Underwood, “Advances in Solar and Cosmic X-Ray Astronomy: A Survey of Experimental Techniques and Observational Results” Advances in Space Science and Technology, 11, (Academic Press, Inc., New York), 1-214 (1972) MONOGRAPH AND BOOK CHAPTERS 1. Pikuta, Elena V. and Hoover, Richard B. “Chapter X. The Genus Carnobacterium.VP In Lactic Acid Bacteria-Biodiversity and Taxonomy. (Holzapfel, W. and Wood, B. J. B., Eds.), Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK (Published June 23, 2014). 2. Pikuta, Elena V. and Hoover, Richard B. “Chapter XII. The Genus Trichococcus.VP In Lactic Acid Bacteria-Biodiversity and Taxonomy. (Holzapfel, W. and Wood, B. J. B., Eds.), Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK (Published June 23, 2014). 3. Hoover, Richard B. “Fossils of Cyanobacteria in CI1 carbonaceous meteorites: Implications to Life on Comets, Europa, and Enceladus.” In Biological Cosmology, Astrobiology, Origins and Evolution of Life (Eds. R. Joseph, R. Schild and C. Wickramasinghe) pp, 58-94, (2010). 4. Hoover, Richard B. and Pikuta, Elena V. “Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Microbial Extremophiles in Polar Environments.” In Polar Microbiology: The Ecology, Biodiversity and Bioremediation Potential of Microorganisms in Extremely Cold Environments (Eds. Asim K. Bej, J. Aislabie and Ronald M. Atlas) CRC Press, pp. 115-157. (2009) http://www.routledge.com/books/Polar-Microbiology-isbn9781420083842 5. Hoover, Richard B. “Comets, Carbonaceous Meteorites and the Origin of the Biosphere” in Biosphere Origin and Evolution (N. Dobretsov, N. Kolchanov, A. Rozanov and G. Zavarzin, Eds.) Springer US, New York 55-68, (2008). http://www.springerlink.com/content/u17384273280174l/ 6. Hoover, R. B. and Rozanov, A. Yu., “Microfossils, Biominerals and Chemical Biomarkers in Meteorites.” In Perspectives in Astrobiology, Vol. 366 NATO Science Series: Life and Behavioural Sciences (R. B. Hoover, R. Paepe, and A. Yu. Rozanov, Eds.) NATO-ASI held in CHANIA, CRETE, 11-18 Sept, 2002. IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1-18, 2005. 7. Hoover, Richard B. and Gilichinsky, David, “Significance to Astrobiology of Microorganisms in Permafrost and Ice.” In Permafrost Response on Economic Development, Environmental Security and Natural Resource Potential, NATO-ARW held in NOVOSIBIRSK, SIBERIA, 12-16 Nov. 1998. (Roland Paepe, Ed.) Klewer Publishing, New York, pp. 553-580, 2001. 8. Paepe, Roland, Hoover, Richard B. and Van Overloop, E., “Patterned Ground as Evidence of Water on Mars,” in Permafrost Response on Economic Development, Environmental Security and Natural Resource Potential, NATO-ARW held in NOVOSIBIRSK, SIBERIA, 12-16 Nov. 1998. (Roland Paepe, Ed.) Klewer, New York, 581-588 (2001). 9. Hoover, Richard B., Hoyle, Sir Fred, Wickramasinghe, Nalin C., Hoover, Miriam J. and Al-Mufti, S., “Diatoms on Earth, Comets, Europa, and in Interstellar Space.” In Astronomical Origins of Life: Steps Toward Panspermia, (Fred Hoyle and N. C. Wickramasinghe, Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 197-224, 2000.

Starting Year

1966

Last Year Served

2011

Honors

2021 - Doctor of Sciences, honoris causa, Russian Academy of Sciences 2009 - Gold Medal of the Society SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering 2007 - NASA/MSFC Center Director’s Commendation 2003-Prese - Honorary Life Member. Planetary Studies Foundation 2003-Present - Editorial Board: Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 2002–Present - Founding Member: Henderson State University Academy 2001–Present - Fellow National – The Explorers Club 2001–2002 - President - SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering 2001–2002 - Board of Directors - Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) 2001- 2003 - Chair - Committee for Public Understanding of Science: CSSP 2000-2001 - Governor - American Association of Engineering Societies 1999 - NASA/MSFC Center Director’s Commendation 1998-2000 - Editorial Board: Optical Engineering 1998 - NASA/MSFC Director’s Commendation 1998 - NASA/MSFC Outstanding Performance Award 1993-2002 - Board of Directors SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering 1993 - NASA/MSFC Outstanding Performance Award 1992 - National Inventor of the Year Nominee 1992 - NASA Inventor of the Year 1992 - Marshall Space Flight Center Inventor of the Year 1991 - Marshall Space Flight Center Inventor of the Year 1991-2007 - Fellow SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering 1988 - NASA Technical Innovator Award 1986 - NASA/MSFC Center Director’s Commendation 1981 - Distinguished Alumnus Award – Henderson State University 1979 - NASA Group Achievement Award Skylab S-056 Experiment 1975 - NASA Sustained Superior Performance Award

Projects Worked

PROJECTS WORKED (continued from Bio) Scientific Publications - Richard B. Hoover 1. Hoover, Richard B., “An Unusually Effective Demonstration of Diffraction,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 58, 721 (1968). 2. Stroke, George W., Hayat, G. S., Hoover, Richard B., and Underwood, James H., “X- Ray Imaging Using A-Posteriori Holographic Image Synthesis.” Optics Communications , 1, 138-140 (1969) 3. Hoover, Richard B., “Diffraction Plates for Classroom Demonstrations.” Amer. J. Phys., 37, 871-4 (1969). 4. Hoover, Richard B. and Hoover, Miriam J. “Optical Phenomena in Diatoms.” Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science. 24, 12-18 (1970). 5. Hoover, Richard B., “The Ealing-Hoover Diffraction Plates, Theory and Application.” (Ealing Corp.. R. B. Hoover; IBM Houston Scientific Center), pp. 1-24 (1969). (Book). 6. Hoover, Richard B. and Harris, Franklin S., “Die Beugungserscheinungen: A Tribute to F. M. Schwerd’s Monumental Work on Fraunhoffer Diffraction.” Applied Optics, 8, 2161-4 (1969). 7. Hoover, Richard B., X-Ray Astronomy, McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology 1971. (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York), 437-441 (1971). 8. Hoover, Richard B., Thomas, Roger J. and Underwood, James H., “Advances in Solar and Cosmic X-Ray Astronomy:A Survey of Experimental Techniques and Observational Results” Advances in Space Science and Technology, 11, (Academic Press, Inc., New York), 1-214 (1972). (Monograph) 9. Hoover, Richard B. ``X-Ray Astronomy.'' McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 436-39 (1973). 10. Hoover, Richard B. and Underwood, James H. “Multiple Plate-Multiple Pinhole Collimator,” U.S. Pat. No. 3,749,911 (31 July 1973). (U.S. Patent). 11. Hoover, Richard B. “Three Mirror Glancing Incidence System for X-Ray Telescope,” U.S. Pat. No. 3,821,556 (28 June 1973) (U.S. Patent). 12. Sheeley Jr., N. R., Bohlin, J. D., Brueckner, G. F., Purcell, J. D., Scherrer, V. E., Tousey, R., Smith Jr., J. B., Speich, D. M., Tandberg-Hanssen, E., Wilson, R. M., De Loach, A. C., McGuire, J. P. and Hoover, R. B., "Coronal changes associated with a disappearing filament." Solar Physics, 45, 377-392 (1975). 13. Hoover, Richard B. “ Les Diatomées, Bijoux Vivants de la Nature.” Musée d’Histoire Naturelles, 2, 73-77, 1975. 14. Hoover, Richard B. and Underwood, James H. “Multi-Plate Focusing Collimator,” U.S. Pat. No. 3,869,615 (4 March 1975). (U.S. Patent) 15. Hoover. Richard B. “Types du Synopsis of British Diatomaceæ: Inventory of the Original Typical Collection of the Reverend William Smith (1808-1857) .” Royal Society of Zoology of Antwerp, Royal Albert I Library, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 1-106, 11 plates. (1976). (Book). 16. Hoover. Richard B. “Johann Diedrich Moller: Master Mounter of Diatoms.” Ward's Bulletin: Biology, Earth Sciences and Chemistry, Vol. 6, No. 103, 1-3, (1977). 17. Faÿ, T. D., Mufson, S. L., Duncan, B. J., Hoover, R. B., Sanford, P. W., Charles, P. A., White, N. E., Wisniewski, W. and Wamsteker, W., “Optical, Infrared, and X-Ray Observations of NGC 6624.” The Astrophysical Journal, 211, 155-159, (1977). 18. Underwood, J. H., Milligan, J. E., DeLoach, A. C. and Hoover, R. B. “S-056 X-ray Telescope Experiment on the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount.” Applied Optics, 16, 858-869, (1977). 19. Hoover, Richard B. “Original Collection of Albert Grunow for the Schizonema and Berkeleya Monograph,” Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde van Antwerpen, pp. 1-102 (1978). (Book). 20. Hoover, Richard B., “Those Marvelous Myriad Diatoms.” National Geographic, 871-878, (June, 1979). 21. Hoover, Richard B., Diatoms. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Vol. D. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, (1980). 22. Hoover, Richard B., Diffraction Patterns. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Vol. D. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, (1980) 23. Hoover, Richard B. and Rhodes, Charles M. “Method for Retarding Dye Fading During Archival Storage of Developed Color Photographic Film,” U.S. Pat. No. 4,287,152 (1 September 1981). (U.S. Patent). 24. Hoover, Richard B., “Diatoms: Nature’s Living Gems,” Rocks and Minerals, 57, 148-152, 1982. 25. Cessna, James R., Hoover. Richard B., Grubb, Richard N., Orswell, Prentice N., and Taylor, John H., “The GOES X-Ray Imager Feasibility Demonstration.” NOAA Technical Report ERL 423-SEL 41, 1-83, (1983). 26. Hoover, Richard B. “Extended Range X-Ray Telescope.” U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,834 (26 January 1983). (US Patent). 27. Hoover, Richard B., (EN) “Folded Optical Large Format Photomicrographic Camera System” (FR) “SYSTEME DE CHAMBRE MICROPHOTOGRAPHIQUE A GRAND FORMAT OPTIQUE REPLIE” WO/1984/003954 (11.10.1984). (International Patent). 28. Hoover, R. B., Chao, S.-H. and Shealy, D. L., “Design and Analysis of Spectral Slicing X-Ray Telescope Systems.”Proc. SPIE, 563, 280-290, (1985). 29. Hoover, Richard B., “Spectral Slicing X-Ray Telescope with Variable Magnification, ” U.S. Pat. No. 4,562,583, (31 December 1985) (US Patent). 30. Hoover, Richard B., Hoyle, Fred, Wallis, M. K., and Wickramasinghe, N. C., “Can Diatoms Live on Cometary Ice?” in Asteroids, Comets and Meteors II., (C. I. Lagerkvist, Ed.), 359-352, (1986). 31. Hoover, Richard B., Hoyle, Fred, Wickramasinghe, N. C., Hoover, Miriam J. and Al-Mufti, S., “Diatoms on Earth, Comets, Europa, and in Interstellar Space,” Earth, Moon, and Planets, 35, 19-45, (1986). 32. Hoover, R. B., Shealy, D. L. and Chao, S. H. “Spectral Slicing X-Ray Telescope.” Optical Engineering, 25, 970-978, (1986). 33. Shealy, D. L., and Hoover, R. B., “Hybrid X-Ray Telescope Systems.” Proc. SPIE, 640, 28-44, (1986). 34. Shealy, David, L., Hoover, Richard B. and Gabardi, David R., “Multilayer X-Ray Imaging Systems.” Proc. SPIE, 691, 83-91 (1986). 35. Lindblom, Joakim F., Walker, Arthur B. C. Troy W. Barbee, Jr. and Hoover, R. B., “Normal Incidence Reflection Multilayer Optics for Solar Soft X-Ray/Extreme Ultraviolet (XUV) Observations.” Proc. SPIE, 691, 104-111 (1986). 36. Hoover, Richard B., “Folded Optical Large-Format Photomicrographic Camera System,” U. S. Pat. No. 4,663,284 (21 January 1986) (U.S. Patent). 37. Walker, A. B.C., Jr., Barbee, T. W., Jr., Hoover, R. B., and Lindblom, J. F., “Soft X-ray Images of the Solar Corona with Normal-Incidence Cassegrain Multilayer Telescope.” Science, 241, 1781-1787, (1988). (Multilayer Telescope Image of Sun on Cover of Science) 38. Hoover, Richard B., Shealy, David L. Gabardi, David R. Walker, Arthur B.C., Jr., Lindblom, Joakim F. and Barbee, Troy W., Jr., “Design of an Imaging Microscope for Soft X-Ray Applications.” Proc. SPIE 982, 234-246, (1988). 39. Lindblom, Joakim F., A.B.C. Walker, Jr., Richard B. Hoover, Troy W. Barbee, Jr., Richard A. VanPatten, and John P. Gill. “Soft X-Ray/Extreme Ultraviolet Images of the Solar Atmosphere with Normal Incidence Multilayer Optics.” Proc. SPIE, 982, 316-324, (1988). 40. Hoover, R. B., Barbee, T. W., Jr. Lindblom and Arthur B. C. Walker, Jr., “Solar Soft X-Ray/XUV Imagery with an Experimental Kodak T-Max 100 Film.” Kodak Tech Bits, 1-6, (1988). 41. Walker, A. B. C. Jr., Lindblom, J. F., Hoover, R. B. and Barbee, T. W., Jr., "Monochromatic X-Ray and XUV Imaging with Multilayer Optics.'' Proc. of International Astronomical Union, Colloq. No. 102, Beaulieu sur-Mer, France, in Journal de Physique Colloques C1, 49, C1-175 (1988). 42. Hoover, R. B., Barbee, T. W. Jr., Lindblom, J. F. and Walker, A. B. C. Jr., “Solar soft x-ray/XUV imagery with an experimental Kodak T-Max 100 Film.” Kodak Technical Bits (Edited by E. Eggleton), pp. 1-6. Kodak Rochester, pp. 1-6 (1988). 43. Hoover, Richard, Walker, Arthur., Lindblom, Joakim F., Barbee, Troy Jr., VanPatten, Richard, Gill, John, Powell, Forbes and Steele, Gordon, “The Stanford/MSFC Rocket X-Ray Spectroheliograph.” Proc. SPIE 1140, 112-124, (1989). 44. Hadaway, J. B., Johnson, R. B., Hoover, R. B., and Walker, A. B. C., Jr., “Design and Analysis of Optical Systems for the Stanford/MSFC Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array.” Proc. SPIE 1160, 195-208 (1989). 45. Shealy, D. L., Hoover, R. B., Walker, A. B. C., Jr., and Barbee, T. W., Jr., “Development of a Normal Incidence Multilayer, Imaging X-Ray Microscope,” Proc. SPIE 1160, 109-121, (1989). 46. Walker, A.B.C., Jr., Lindblom, J. F., O’Neal, R. H., Barbee, T. W., Jr., and Hoover, R. B. “The Stanford/MSFC Multi-Spectral Telescope Array,” Proc. SPIE 1160, 131-144, (1989). 47. Hoover, Richard B. X-Ray/EUV Instrumentation for Astronomy and Microscopy, SPIE 1160, (1989). (Proceedings Volume). 48. Walker, Arthur, B. C., Jr., Timothy, J. Gethyn, Hoover, Richard B. and Barbee, Troy, W., Jr., “Astronomical EUV/X-ray Observatories on the Moon.” AIP Conference 207, 553-563 (1990). 49. Walker, Arthur, B. C., Jr., Hoover, Richard B., Lindblom, J. F., O’Neal, R. H., Allen, M. J., and Barbee, Troy, W., Jr., “Astronomical Observations with Normal Incidence Multilayer Optics.” Physica Scripta, 41, 1053-1062, (1990). 50. Hoover, R. B., Shealy, D. L., Brinkley, B. R., Baker, P. C., Barbee, T. W., Jr., and Walker, A. B. C., Jr., “X-Ray Imaging Microscope for Cancer Research,” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Technology 2000, Vil. 1, 73-82 (1991). 51. Hoover, Richard B., Barbee, Jr., Troy W., Baker, Phillip C., Lindblom, Joakim F.. Allen, Maxwell J., DeForest, Craig E., Kankelborg, Charles C., O'Neal, Ray H. Paris, Elizabeth S. and Walker II, Arthur B. C., “Performance of compact multilayer coated telescopes at soft x-ray/EUV and far ultraviolet wavelengths I.” Proc. SPIE 1235, 821-832, (1990). 52. Shealy, D. l. Hoover, R. B., Barbee, T. W., and Walker, A. B. C. "Design and Analysis of a Schwarzschild Imaging Multilayer X-ray Microscope. Optical Engineering, 29, (1990). 53. Shealy, D. L., Jiang, W., and Hoover, R. B., “Design and Analysis of Aspherical Multilayer Imaging X-Ray Microscope.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 122-132, (1990). 54. Walker II, Arthur B. C., Bailey, Wayne L., Chupp, Edward L., Hudson, Hugh S., Moore, Ronald L., Roberts, William T., Hoover, Richard B. and Wu, Shi T. “Advanced Solar Observatory.” Proc. SPIE 1235 802-820, (1990). 55. Walker, A. B. C., Lindblom, J. F., Timothy, J. G., Barbee, T. W., Hoover, Richard B., and Tandberg-Hanssen, E. “Ultrahigh resolution XUV spectroheliograph.” Proc. SPIE 1235 833-848, (1990). 56. Walker, A. B. C., Lindblom, J. F., O'Neal, Ray H., Hoover, Richard B., J. G., Barbee, T. W. “Astronomical observations with normal incidence multilayer optics: recent results and future prospects." Physica Scripta 41, 1053-1059 (1990). 57. Hoover, R. B., Barbee, T. W., Jr., Baker, P. C., Lindblom, Joakim F., Allen, Maxwell, J., DeForest, Craig E. Kankelborg, Charles C., O'Neal, Ray H. Paris, Elizabeth S. and Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C. Performance of compact multilayer coated telescopes at soft x-ray/EUV and far-ultraviolet wavelengths I.” Proc. SPIE 1235, 821-832, (1990). 58. Hoover, Richard B., Baker, Phillip C., Hadaway, James B., Johnson, R. Barry, Peterson, Cynthia, Gabardi, David R., Walker, Arthur B. C., Lindblom, Joakim F., DeForest, Craig E. and O'Neal, Ray H. “Performance of the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array III: optical characteristics of the Ritchey-Chretien and Cassegrain Telescopes.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 191-202, (1990). 59. Hoover, Richard B., Walker, A. B. C., Jr., DeForest, C. E., Allen, M. J. and Lindblom, J. F., “Performance of the Multi-Spectral Telescope Array VI: Performance and Characteristics of the Photographic Films.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 175-188, (1990). 60. Walker, A. B. C., Lindblom, J. F., Timothy, J. G., Allen, M. J., DeForest, C. E., Kankelborg, C. C., O'Neal, Ray H., Paris, E. S., Willis, T. D., Barbee, T. W. and Hoover, Richard B., “Ultra-High-Resolution XUV Spectroheliograph II: Predicted Performance.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 319-333, (1990). 61. Walker, A. B. C., Timothy, J. G., Barbee, T. W. and Hoover, Richard B., “The Active Sun Telescope Array.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 334-347, (1990). 62. Fineschi, S., Hoover, R. B., Fontenla, J. M., and Walker, A. B. C., "Solar EUV/FUV line polarimetry: observational parameters and theoretical considerations." Proc. SPIE 1343, 376-388, (1990). 63. Hoover, R. B., Fineschi, S., Fontenla, J. M., and Walker, A. B. C., “Solar EUV/FUV line polarimetry: Instruments and Methods.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 389-403, (1990). 64. DeForest, C. E., Kankelborg, C. C., Allen, M. J., Paris, E. S., Willis, T. D., Lindblom, J. F., O'Neal, Ray H., Walker, A. B. C., Barbee, T. W., Hoover, Richard B.and Gluskin, E. S. “Performance of the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array V: temperature diagnostic response to the optically thin solar plasma.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 404-414, (1990). 65. Walker, A. B. C., Allen, M. J., Barbee, T. W. and Hoover, R. B. “Design of Narrow Band X-Ray and EUV Coronagraphs Using Multilayer Optics.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 415-427, (1990). 66. Lindblom, J. F., O'Neal, Ray H., Walker, A. B. C., Powell, Forbes, R., Barbee, T. W., Hoover, Richard B. and Powell, Stephen, F. “Performance of the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array IV: the soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet filters.” Proc. SPIE 1343, 544-557, (1990). 67. Hoover, Richard B. “Multispectral Glancing Incidence X-Ray Telescope,” U. S. Pat. No. 4,941,163 (10 July 1990) (U.S. Patent). 68. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II, X-Ray/EUV Optics for Astronomy, Microscopy, Polarimetry and Projection Lithography, Proc. SPIE, 1343, (1990). (Proceedings Volume). 69. Hoover, R. B., Shealy, D. L., Brinkley, B. R., Baker, P. C., Barbee, T. W., Jr., and Walker, A, B. C., Jr., “ Development of the Water Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope Utilizing Normal-Incidence Multilayer Optics.” Optical Engineering, 30, 1086-1093 (1991). 70. Shealy, D. L., Jiang, W., and Hoover, R. B., “Design and Analysis of Aspherical Multilayer Imaging X-Ray Microscope,” Optical Engineering, 30, 1094-1099 (1991). 71. Hoover, R. B., Fineschi, S., Fontenla, J. M., and Walker II, A. B. C., Solar EUV/FUV line polarimetry: instruments and methods Proc. SPIE, 1343, 389-403 (1991). 72. Hoover, R. B., A.B.C. Walker, Jr., C. E. DeForest, M. J. Allen, and J. F. Lindblom, “EUV/FUV Response Characteristics of Photographic Films for the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array.” Optical Engineering, 30, 1116-1124 (1991). 73. Fineschi, S., Hoover, R. B., Fontenla, J. M., and Walker, A. B. C., “Polarimetry of Extreme Ultraviolet Lines in Solar Astronomy,” Optical Engineering, 30, 1161-1168 (1991). 74. Hoover, R. B., Fineschi, S., Fontenla, J. M., and Walker, A. B. C., Jr., “Imaging Polarimeters for Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Astronomy,” Optical Engineering, 30, 1169-1176 (1991). 75. Hoover, R. B., Shealy, D. L., Baker, P. C., Barbee, T. W., Jr., and Walker, A. B. C., Jr., “Development of the Water-Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope,” Proc. SPIE 1435, 338-351 (1991). 76. Hoover, Richard B. “Variable Magnification, Variable Dispersion Glancing Incidence Imaging X-Ray Spectroscopic Telescope,” U. S. Pat. No. 5,016,365 (14 May 1991) (U.S. Patent). 77. Hoover, R. B., Shealy, D. L., Baker, P. C., Barbee, T. W., Jr., and Walker, A. B. C., Jr., “Development of the Water-Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope,” Proc. SPIE 1546, 125-136 (1992). 78. Baker, P. C. and Hoover, R. B. “Metrology of X-Ray Optics Utilizing Shearing Interferometric Techniques,” Proc. SPIE 1546, 137-148 (1992). 79. Hoover, R. B., Walker, A. B. C., Jr., Lindblom, J. F., Allen, M., O’Neal, R. H., DeForest, C. and Barbee, T. W., Jr., “Solar Observations with the Multispectral Solar Telescope Array,” Proc. SPIE 1546, 175-187 (1992). 80. Hoover, R. B., Walker, A. B. C., Jr., DeForest, C. E., Allen, M. J.,Lindblom, J. F., Gilliam, L., November, L. J. and Brown, T., “Photographic Films for the Multispectral Solar Telescope Array.” Proc. SPIE 1546, 188-204 (1992). 81. Walker, A.B.C., Jr., Hoover, R. B., Roberts, W. T. and Wu, S. T., “High Resolution Telescope Cluster I: Overview and Technical Status,” Proc. SPIE 1546, 253-369 (1992). 82. Walker, Arthur, Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., Paris, Elizabeth, Hoover, Richard B., and Barbee, “Cosmic X-Ray Spectroscopy with Multilayer Optics.” Proc. SPIE 1546, 333-344 (1992). 83. Walker, Arthur, Willis, Thomas and Hoover, Richard B., “Objective Double Crystal Spectrometer.” Proc. SPIE 1546, 461-470 (1992). 84. Fineschi, S., Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, A. B. C. Jr., “Hydrogen Lyman Alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeter,” Proc. SPIE, 1546, 402-413 (1992). 85. Hoover, R. B., Fineschi, S., Walker, A. B. C., Jr., Johnson, R. B. and Zukic, M. “Optical Configurations of H I Lyman Alpha Coronagraph/Polarimeters,” Proc. SPIE 1546, 414-431 (1992). 86. Walker, Arthur B. C., Jr., Lindblom, Joakim F., Timothy, J. Gethyn, Barbee, Troy W., Hoover, Richard B., Tandberg-Hansen, Einar, Wu, Shi Tsan, and Sahade, J. “Solar/Stellar Coronal Explorer and the Solar/Stellar Coronal Observatory.” Proc. SPIE 1546, 281-294, (1992). 87. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics, SPIE, 1546, (1992). (Proceedings Volume). 88. Hoover, Richard B. “Water Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope,” U. S. Pat. No. 5,107,526 (21 April 1992). (U.S. Patent). 89. Hoover, Richard B. Richard B. Hoover, “X-Ray Monochromator,” U. S. Pat. No. 5,146,482 (22 December 1992). (U.S. Patent). 90. Baker, Phillip C., Hoover, Richard B., and Walker, Arthur B. C. II, “Fabrication of grazing incidence optics using flow-polishing techniques. ” Proc. SPIE 1736, 212-226, (1993). 91. Hoover, Richard B., X-Ray Detector Physics and Applications, SPIE 1736, (1993). (Proceedings Volume). 92. Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C., Barbee, Troy W. and Hoover, Richard B. “Astronomical observations with normal incidence multilayer optics. II. Images of the solar corona and chromosphere.” in UV and X-Ray Spectroscopy of Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas (eds. Silver, Eric H. and Kahn, Steven M)., Cambridge University Press pp. 193-209, (1993). (Book Chapter). 93. Fineschi, S., Hoover, Richard B., Zukic, M., Kim, J., Walker, Arthur B. C., II and Baker, Phillip C. “Polarimetry of H-Lyman α for coronal magnetic field diagnostics.” Proc. SPIE 1742, 423-438, (1993). 94. Hoover, Richard B., Fineschi, Silvano, Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C., Johnson, R. Barry, Baker, Phillip C., Zukic, M. and Kim, J. “Design and Fabrication of the All-Reflecting H Lyman-alpha Coronagraph Polarimeter.” Proc. SPIE, 1742, 439-452, (1993). 95. Walker, Arthur B. C. II, Hoover, Richard B. and Barbee, Troy W. “Multispectral solar telescope array: initial results and future plans.” Proc. SPIE 1742, 500-514, (1993). 96. Walker, Arthur B. C. II, Hoover, Richard B. and Barbee, Troy W. “Chromospheric and Coronal Observations with Multilayer Optics.” Proc. SPIE 1742, 515-526, (1993). 97. Hoover, Richard B., Walker, Arthur B. C. II, DeForest, Craig E, Timothy. Watts, Richard N. and Tarrio, C., “Ultrahigh-resolution photographic films for x-ray/EUV/FUV astronomy.” Proc. SPIE 1742, 549-561, (1993). 98. Allen, Maxwell J., Willis, Thomas D., Kankelborg, Charles C., O'Neal, Ray H., Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., DeForest, Craig E., Jackson, Lisa R., Lindblom, Joakim F. Walker II, Arthur B. C., Barbee, Jr., Troy W., Weed, J. W., Hoover, Richard B. and Powell, Forbes R. “Calibration of the multispectral solar telescope array multilayer mirrors and XUV filters. ” Proc. SPIE 1742, 562-574, (1993). 99. Walker, A. B. C., Timothy, J. Gethyn, Hoover, Richard B. and Barbee, T. W. “Ultrahigh-resolution images of the solar chromosphere and corona using coordinated rocket and balloon observations. ” Proc. SPIE 1742, 630-645, (1993). 100. Hoover, Richard B., Baker, Phillip C., Shealy, David L., Gore, David B., Walker II, Arthur B. C., Barbee, Jr., Troy W. and Kerstetter, T., “Imaging Schwarzschild multilayer x-ray microscope .” Proc. SPIE 1742, 660-673. (1993). 101. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics for Astronomy and Projection Lithography SPIE, 1742, (1993). (Proceedings Volume). 102. Walker, A. B. C. II,. DeForest, C. E., Hoover, R. B. and Barbee, T. W. Jr., “Thermal and density structure of polar plumes.I. Analysis of EUV Observations with a Multilayer Cassegrain Telescope.” Solar Physics, 148, 239-252, (1993). 103. Shealy, D. L., Wang, C., and Hoover, R. B., “Optical Analysis of an Ultra-High Resolution Two-Mirror Soft X-Ray Microscope, ” Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, 112-117. (1994). 104. Campbell, Jonathan W., Hoover, Richard B. and Baker, Phillip C. “Performance of the repolished S-056 grazing incidence mirror in the MSFC AXAF test facility.” Proc. SPIE 2011, 75-88. (1994). 105. Fineschi, S., Romoli, M., Hoover, R. B., Baker, P. C., Zukic, M., Kim, J. and Walker Jr, A. B. C., Stray light analysis of a reflecting UV coronagraph/polarimeter with multilayer optics. In X-Ray and Ultraviolet Polarimetry Proc. SPIE 2010, 78-92. (1994). 106. Allen, Maxwell J., Willis, Thomas D., Kankelborg, Charles C. , O'Neal, Ray H., Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., DeForest, Craig E., Jackson, Lisa R., Plummer, James D. Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C., Barbee, Jr., Troy W., Weed, J. W. and Hoover, Richard B., “Performance of the multilayer-coated mirrors for the MultiSpectral Solar Telescope Array.” Proc. SPIE 2011, 381-390. (1994). 107. Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C., Jackson, Lisa R., Plummer. James D., Hoover, Richard B. and Barbee, Jr., Troy W. “Astronomical observations with normal incidence multilayer optics III: selection of multilayer bandpasses.” Proc. SPIE 2011, 450-463. (1994). 108. Walker, Arthur B. C. II, Hoover, Richard B. and Barbee, Troy W. “MultiSpectral Solar Telescope Array VII: a status report .” Proc. SPIE 2011, 489-503. (1994). 109. Hoover, R. B., Walker, A. B. C. II,. DeForest, C. E., Allen, Maxwell, D. and Gore, David B. “X-ray/EUV/FUV calibration of photographic films for solar research.” Proc. SPIE 2011, 504-516. (1994). 110. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics II, SPIE, 2011, (1994). (Proceedings Volume). 111. Hoover, Richard B., Shealy, David L., Walker, Arthur B. C., Jr., Baker, P. C., Grupido, N., Gutman, G., and Barbee, Troy W., Jr. “Development of the Water Window Imaging X-Ray Microscope,” SPIE, 2270, 195-208, (1994). 112. Hoover, Richard B. & Tate, Mark, X-Ray and UV Detectors, SPIE, 2278, (1994). (Proceedings Volume). 113. Walker II, Arthur B. C., Kapitulnik, A., Hoover, Richard B., Lesyna, Lawrence and Ulmer, Melville P. “High-resolution x-ray spectroscopy with a rocket-borne cosmic x-ray microcalorimeter spectrograph.” Proc. SPIE 2279, 122-133. (1994). 114. Walker II, Arthur B. C., Plumer, James D., Hoover, Richard B. and Barbee, Jr., Troy W. “Astronomical observations with normal incidence multilayer optics IV: selection of spectral lines.” Proc. SPIE 2279, 343-355. (1994). 115. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Advances in Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV/FUV Optics, SPIE, 2279, (1994). (Proceedings Volume). 116. Shealy, D. L., Wang C. and Hoover, R. B. “Optical analysis of an ultra-high resolution two mirror soft-x-ray microscope. ” Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 5, 1-19 (1995). 117. Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C., Allen, Maxwell J., DeForest, Craig E., Kankelborg, Charles C., Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., Plummer, James E., Hoover, Richard B., Barbee, Jr., Troy W. and Gore, David B., “Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array VIII: the second flight.” Proc. SPIE 2515, 182-193, (1995). 118. DeForest, Craig E., Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C., Allen, Maxwell J., Hoover, Richard B. and Barbee, Jr., Troy W. “Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array IX: quantitative measurements of the solar corona.” Proc. SPIE 2515, 273-279, (1995). 119. Kankelborg, Charles C., Plummer, James E., Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., O'Neal, Ray H., DeForest, Craig E., Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C., Barbee, Jr., Troy W., Weed, J. W., Hoover, Richard B. and Powell, Forbes R. “Calibration of multilayer mirrors for the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array II.” Proc. SPIE 2515, 436-444, (1995). 120. Gore, David B., Hadaway, James B., Hoover, Richard B., Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C. and Kankelborg, Charles C., “Optical focusing and alignment of the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array II payload Proc. SPIE 2515, 532-543, (1995). 121. Plummer, James E., DeForest, Craig E. Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., Kankelborg, Charles C., Gore, David B., O'Neal, Ray H., Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C., Powell, Forbes R., Hoover, Richard B., Barbee, Jr., Troy W. and Weed, J. W. “Design and performance of thin foil XUV filters for the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array II.” Proc. SPIE 2515, 565-575, (1995). 122. Peters, Palmer N., Hoover, Richard B., Watts, Richard N., Tarrio, Charles and Walker, Jr., Arthur B. C. “Fabrication of multilayer optics by sputtering: application to EUV optics with greater than 30% normal reflectance.” Proc. SPIE 2515, 576-581, (1995). 123. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II, X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Optics, SPIE, 2515, (1995). (Proceedings Volume). 124. Hoover, Richard B. and Williams, Mark, X-Ray and Ultraviolet Sensors and Applications, SPIE 2519, (1995). (Proceedings Volume). 125. Hoover, Richard B., MICROSCOPE D'IMAGERIE A RAYONS X. Canadian Patent CA 2060217 (25 June, 1996), (Canadian Patent). 126. Walker II, Arthur B. C., Scherrer, Philip H., Hoover, Richard B., Tandberg-Hanssen, Einar, Barbee, Jr., Troy W., Ling, James C., MacQueen, R. M., Timothy, J. Gethyn, Adamson, Paul, Mennzel, Mike T., Petheram, John C. and Shattuck, Paul L. Solar “Chromospheric and Coronal Explorer.” Proc. SPIE 2804, 286-297, (1996). 127. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III, SPIE, 2805, (1996). (Proceedings Volume). 128. Hoover Richard B. and Doty, F. Patrick, Hard X-Ray/Gamma Ray and Neutron Optics, Sensors, and Applications, SPIE, 2859, (1996). (Proceedings Volume). 129. Kankleborg, C. A., Walker, II, A. B. C. II,, Hoover, V and Troy W. Barbee, Jr., “Observation and Modeling of Soft X-Ray Bright Points. I. Initial Results.” Astrophysical Journal, 466, 529-536 (1996). 130. Park, J., Zukic, Muamer, McColgan, Michelle Wilson, Keffer, Charles E., Torr, Douglas G. and Hoover. Richard B. “Design and Fabrication of Multilayer Reflective Filters for a Ritchey-Chretien Lyman-Telescope.” Optical Engineering 35, 1479-1482, (1996). 131. Hoover, Richard B., “X-Ray Optics”, 1996 McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology. (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York), 384-386 (1996). 132. Allen, M. J., Walker, A. B. C. II,. Oluseyi, H. M., Hoover, R. B. and Barbee, T. W. Jr., “Chromospheric and Coronal Structure of Polar Plumes: I. Magnetic Structure and Radiative Energy Balance.” Solar Physics, 174, 367-401, (1997). 133. Hoover, Richard B., “Meteorites, Microfossils, and Exobiology.” Proc. SPIE 3111, 115-136, (1997). 134. Hoover, Richard B., Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms, SPIE, 3111, (1997). (Proceedings Volume). 135. Bruner, Marilyn E., Wuelser, Jean-Pierre, Zukic, Muamer and Hoover, Richard B., “Progress in the development of far-ultraviolet etalon.” Proc. SPIE 3113, 441-449, (1997). 136. Hoover Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C. II, Grazing Incidence and Multilayer X-Ray Optical Systems, SPIE, 3113, (1997). (Proceedings Volume). 137. Hoover, Richard B. & Doty, F. Patrick, Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications, SPIE, 3115, (1997). (Proceedings Volume). 138. Hoover, Richard B. & Walker, Arthur B. C., II, (eds.), X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions, SPIE, 3444, (1998). (Proceedings Volume). 139. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu.,. Zhmur, S. I, and Gorlenko, V. M. “Further Evidence of Microfossils in Carbonaceous Chondrites.” Proc. SPIE 3441, 203-216, (1998). 140. McKay, David M., Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Hoover, Richard B. and Westall, Frances M., “Phosphate biomineralization of Cambrian Microorganisms” Proc. SPIE 3441, 170-177, (1998). 141. Hoover, Richard B., Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE, 3441, (1998). (Proceedings Volume). 142. Doty, F. P. & Hoover, Richard B., Hard X-Ray and Gamma Ray Detector Physics and Applications, SPIE, 3446, (1998). (Proceedings Volume). 143. Gerasimenko, L. M., Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Zhegallo, E. A. and Zhmur, S. I. “Bacterial Paleontology and Studies of Carbonaceous Chondrites.” Paleontological Journal, 33, No. 4, 439-459, (1999). 144. Marsic, D., Hoover, R. B., Gilichinsky, D. A. and Ng. J., “Extraction and Amplification of DNA from an ancient Moss.” Promega eNotes. 1-6, (1999). 145. Oluseyi, H. M., Walker, A. B. C., II, Porter, J., Hoover, R. B., and Barbee, T. W., Jr. “Observation and Modeling of the Solar Transition Region. I. Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array Observations.” Astrophysical Journal 524, 1105-1121, (1999). 146. Oluseyi, Hakeem M.; Walker, A. B. C., II; Santiago, David I.; Hoover, Richard B.; Barbee, Troy W., Jr. “Observation and Modeling of the Solar Transition Region. II. Identification of New Classes of Solutions of Coronal Loop Models.” Astrophysical Journal 527, 992-999, (1999). 147. Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Zhegallo, E. A. and Hoover, Richard B. “Microbiota of the Botogol Graphites.” Proc. SPIE 3755, 38-48, (1999). 148. Hoover, Richard B. “Astrobiological Significance of Microorganisms in Permafrost and Ice.” Proc. SPIE 3755, 59-74, (1999). 149. Hoover, Richard B. and Rozanov, Alexei Yu. “Biomorphic Microstructures in Mighei Carbonaceous Meteorite.” Proc. SPIE 3755, 120-130, (1999). 150. Paepe, R., Van Overloop, E. S. and Hoover, Richard B. “Interference or Comparison between Mars and Terrestrial Landscapes as Evidence of Water and Its Cycles.” Proc. SPIE 3755, 130-144, (1999). 151. Marsic, Damien, Hoover, Richard B., Gilichinsky, David A. and Ng, Joseph D. “Gene Cloning of the 19s rRNA of an Ancient Viable Moss from the Permafrost of Northeastern Siberia.” Proc. SPIE 3755, 163-175, (1999). 152. Marsic, D., Hoover, R., Gilichinsky, D. and Ng, J.D. “Extraction and Amplification of DNA from an Ancient Moss.” Promega eNotes, Promega Corp. 1-6, (1999). 153. Abyzov, Sabit S., Mitskevitch, I. N., Paglazova, M. N., Hoover, Richard B. and Ivanov, M. V. “Microorganisms and Unicellular Algae in the Ice Sheet of Antarctica.” Proc. SPIE 3755, 176-187, (1999). 154. Hoover, Richard B., Abyzov, Sabit S. and Ivanov, M. V. “Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigations of Ancient Microorganisms from Deep Ice above Lake Vostok.” Proc. SPIE 3755, 187-198, (1999). 155. Van Overloop, E. S., Paepe, R. and Hoover, Richard B., “ExSpect-Matlab or AR (autoregressive) PSD (Power Spectral Density) Cyclicity Calculation Method for Sediment Time Series, Interfering Key Beds, and Fossil Soils.” Proc. SPIE 3755, 252-269, (1999). 156. Hoover, Richard B., Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II, SPIE, 3755, (1999). (Proceedings Volume). 157. Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., Gore, Walker, II, Arthur B. C., Kankelborg, Hoover, Richard B., Barbee, Jr., Troy W. and Boerner, Paul F. “High-resolution imaging with multilayer telescopes: resolution performance of the MSSTA II telescopes.” Proc. SPIE 3766, 275-298, (1999). 158. Boerner, Paul F. X., Walker II, Arthur B. C., Hoover, Richard B., Barbee, Jr., Troy W. and Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S. “Chromospheric/coronal spectroheliograph.” Proc. SPIE 3766, 233-246, (1999). 159. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II (eds.), X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions II,SPIE, 3766, (1999). (Proceedings Volume). 160. Zhegallo, Elena A., Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Ushatinskaya, Galina T., Hoover, Richard B., Gerasimenko, Ludmila M., & Ragozina, Alla L., “Atlas of Microorganisms from Ancient Phosphorites of Khubsughul (Mongolia)”, NASA/TP 209901 (In English and Russian), pp. 1-167, 61 Figs. (2000). 161. Hoover, Richard B., Hoyle, Sir Fred, Wickramasinghe, Nalin C., Hoover, Miriam J. and Al-Mufti, S., “Diatoms on Earth, Comets, Europa, and in Interstellar Space.” In Astronomical Origins of Life: Steps Toward Panspermia, (Fred Hoyle and N. C. Wickramasinghe, Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 197-224, (2000). 162. Sipiera, P. P., Hoover, R. B., Butts, G. A., Garriott, O. K., Gruber, W. J., Lovell, J. A., and Pritzker, J. N., “A Preliminary Report on the Discovery of Twenty Stone Meteorites from the Thiel Mountains and Patriot Hills, Antarctica.” Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 35, Supplement, P., A148, (2000). 163. Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., Walker II, Arthur B. C., Gore, David B., Kankelborg, Charles C., Hoover, Richard B., Barbee, Troy W. and Boerner, P. F. X. “ High resolution imaging with multilayer telescopes: resolution performance of the MSSTA II telescopes. ” Optical Engineering 39, 1063-1079, (2000). 164. Sipiera, Paul P., Hoover, Richard B. and Jerman, Gregory A. “Meteorites and microbes: meteorite collection and ice sampling at Patriot Hills, Thiel Mountains, and South Pole, Antarctica.” Proc. SPIE 4137, 13-21. (2000). 165. Hoover, Richard B., Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology III, SPIE 4137, (2000). (Proceedings Volume) 166. Hoover, Richard B. and Walker, Arthur B. C., II X-Ray Optics, Instruments and Missions IV, SPIE 4138, (2000). (Proceedings Volume). 167. Wamba, Kolo D., Walker II, Arthur B. C., Martinez-Galarce, Dennis S., Nam, Sae Woo, Irwin, Kent D., Deiker, Steven W., Cabrera, Blas, Lesyna, Lawrence, Powell, Stephen F. , Miller, Aaron J., Robertson, David W., Boerner, Paul F. X., Baker, Phillip C., Barbee, Jr., Troy W. and Hoover, Richard B. “Sounding rocket mission to study the solar soft x-ray and EUV emission using transition-edge sensor technology.” Proc. SPIE 4140, 384-396. (2000). 168. Hoover, Richard B. and Gilichinsky, David, “Significance to Astrobiology of Microorganisms in Permafrost and Ice.” In Permafrost Response on Economic Development, Environmental Security and Natural Resource Potential, NATO-ARW held in NOVOSIBIRSK, SIBERIA, 12-16 Nov. 1998. (Roland Paepe, Ed.) Klewer Publishing, New York, pp. 553-580, 2001. 169. Paepe, Roland, Hoover, Richard B. and Van Overloop, E., “Patterned Ground as Evidence of Water on Mars,” in Permafrost Response on Economic Development, Environmental Security and Natural Resource Potential, NATO-ARW held in NOVOSIBIRSK, SIBERIA, 12-16 Nov. 1998. (Roland Paepe, Ed.) Klewer, New York, 581-588 (2001). 170. Ostroumov, V., Hoover, R. B., Ostroumova, N., Van Vlietlanoe, B., Siegert, Ch., and Sorokovikov, V., “Redistribution of soluble components during ice segregation in freezing ground.” Cold Regions Science and Technology, 32, 1-10 (2001). 171. Hoover, R. B., Shealy, D. L., Brinkley, B. R., Baker, P. C., Barbee, T. W., Jr., and Walker, A. B. C., Jr., “X-Ray Imaging Microscope for Cancer Research.” in Technology 2000, NASA SP-3109, Vol. I, pp. 73-82, (2001). 172. Sipiera, P. P., Schwade, J. R., Jerman, G. A. and Hoover, R. B. “Classification of Nineteen Stone Meteorites from the Moulton Escarpment in the Thiel Mountains, Antarctica.” Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 37, Supplement, p.A132 (2002). 173. Hoover, Richard B. and Rozanov, Alexei Yu. “Chemical biomarkers and microfossils in carbonaceous meteorites.” Proc. SPIE 4495, 1-18, (2002). 174. Paepe, Roland R., Van Overloop, Elfi S. and Hoover, Richard B. “Comparison of snowball Earth and Mars conditions.” Proc. SPIE 4495, 40-54, (2002). 175. Van Overloop, Elfi S., Paepe, Roland R. and Hoover, Richard B. “Computing periodicities in Mars sediment time series.” Proc. SPIE 4495, 55-68, (2002). 176. Pikuta, Elena V. and Hoover, Richard B. “Sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria as terrestrial analogs for microbial life on Jupiter's Satellite Io.” Proc. SPIE 4495, 232-254, (2002). 177. Marsic, Damien, Pikuta, Elena V., Hoover, Richard B. and Ng, Joseph D. “Cloning of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of a psychrophilic bacterium from the Alaskan Fox Permafrost Tunnel .” Proc. SPIE 4495, 266-272, (2002). 178. Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Zhegallo, Elena A., Ushatinskaya, Galina T., Shuvalova, Yulia V. and Hoover, Richard B., “Bacterial paleontology for astrobiology.” Proc. SPIE 4495, 283-294, (2002). 179. Sipiera, Paul P., Hoover, Richard B. and Jerman, Gregory A. , “ Mineralogical and petrological analyses of two possible achondrite meteorites recovered from the Thiel Mountains, Antarctica.” Proc. SPIE 4495, 301-312, (2002). 180. Hoover, Richard B., Pikuta, Elena V., Marsic, Damien and Ng, Joseph D. , “ Anaerobic psychrophiles from Alaska, Antarctica, and Patagonia: implications to possible life on Mars and Europa.” Proc. SPIE 4495, 313-324, (2002). 181. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. and Paepe, Roland, R., (eds.), Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology IV, SPIE 4495, (2002). (Proceedings Volume). 182. Gorenstein, Paul and Hoover, Richard B., (eds.), X-Ray Optics for Astronomy: Telescopes, Multilayers, Spectrometers, and Missions, SPIE 4496, (2002). (Proceedings Volume). 183. Hoover, Richard B. and Rozanov, Alexei Yu., “Astrobiology: Traces of Life in the Cosmos.” Proc. SPIE 4765, 1-19, (2002). 184. Martinez-Galarce, D. S., Walker, A. B. C., II, Barbee, T. W. II, and Hoover, R. B. “The Solar/Chromosphere/Corona Interface I. Far-Ultraviolet to Extreme-Ultraviolet Observations and Modeling of Unresolved Coronal Funnels.” Astrophysical Journal 585, 1095-1113, (2003). 185. Hoover, R. B., Pikuta, E. V., Bej, A. K., Marsic, D., Whitman, W. B., Tang, J. and Krader, P. “Spirochaeta Americana sp. nov., a new haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda Mono Lake in California.” Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 815-821, (2003). 186. Onstott, T. C., Moser, D. P., Pfiffner, S. M., Fredrickson, J. K., Brockman, F. J., Phelps, T. J., White, D. C., Peacock, A., Balkwill, D., Hoover, R. B., Krumholz, L. R., Borscik, M., Kieft, T. L., and Wilson, R., “Indigenous and Contaminant Microbes in Ultradeep Mines,” Environmental Microbiology, 5, 1168-1191, (2003). 187. Pikuta, E.V., Hoover, R.B., Bej, A.K., Marsic, D., Detkova, E., Whitman, W. B. and Krader, P. “Tindallia californiensis sp. nov.,a new anaerobic, haloalkaliphilic, spore-forming acetogen isolated from Mono Lake in California.” Extremophiles, 7, 327-334, (2003). 188. Pikuta, E. V., Hoover, R. B., Bej, A. K., Marsic, D., Whitman, W. B., Cleland, D. and Krader, P. “Desulfonatronum thiodismutans sp. nov.,a novel alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium capable of lithoautotrophic growth.” Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 53, 1327-1332, (2003). 189. Hoover, Richard B., Jerman, Gregory, Rozanov, Alexei Yu. and Davies, Paul C. W. “Biomarkers and Microfossils in the Murchison, Tagish Lake and Rainbow Meteorites.” Proc. SPIE, 4859, 15-31, (2003) 190. Paepe, Roland R., Van Overloop, Elfi S., Hoover, Richard B., Nassopoulou, Sophia, and Kafumu, Peter, “Red soils on Earth and their significance for Mars.” Proc. SPIE 4859, 93-107 (2003). 191. Van Overloop, Elfi S., Paepe, Roland R., Hoover, Richard B. “Palaeodynamic sedimentary cycles on Mars in resonance with short similar cycles on Earth.” Proc. SPIE 4859, 108-120 (2003). 192. Levin, Gilert. A., Miller, Joseph D., Straat, Patricia A. and Hoover, Richard B. " A sterile robotic Mars soil analyzer." Proc. SPIE 4859, 78-86 (2003). 193. Pikuta, Elena V., Detkova, E., Bej, Asim K., Marsic, D., and Hoover, Richard B., “Anaerobic halo- alkaliphilic bacterial community of athalassic, hypersaline Mono lake and Owens Lake in California .” Proc. SPIE 4859, 130-144 (2003). 194. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. and Paepe, Roland, R., (eds.), Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology V, Proc. SPIE, 4859, (2003). (Proceedings Volume). 195. Hoover, Richard B. and Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Microfossils, biominerals, and chemical biomarkers in meteorites.” Proc. SPIE 4939, 10-27 (2003). 196. Pikuta, Elena V. and Hoover, Richard B., “Psychrophiles and Astrobiology: Microbial Life of Frozen Worlds.” Proc. SPIE 4939, 103-116 (2003). 197. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. & Lipps, Jere H. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology VI, Proc. SPIE 4939, (2003). (Proceedings Volume). 198. Hoover, Richard B. Funk & Wagnalls Young Students Encyclopedia. Volumes 1-20, New York, New York (1973). 70 Encyclopedia Articles on Select Topics of Physics, Optics, Light, Astronomy, Geology, Biology and Biographies of Distinguished Scientists 199. Abyzov, S. S., Hoover, R. B., Imura, S., Mitskevich, I. N., Naganuma, T., Poglazova, M. N. and Ivanov, M. V. “Use of Different Methods for Discovery of Ice-Entrapped Microorganisms in Ancient Layers of the Antarctic Glacier. ” Advances in Space Research, Space Life Sciences, 33, 1222-1230, (2004). 200. Abyzov, S. S., Hoover, R. B., Imura, S., Mitskevich, I. N., Naganuma, T., Poglazova, M. N., and Ivanov, M. V., “Comparative Results of Using Different Methods for Discovery of Microorganisms in Very Ancient Layers of the Central Antarctic Glacier above Lake Vostok.” Advances in Space Research, Cospar, 33, 1222-1230, (2004). 201. Pikuta, Elena V. and Hoover, Richard B. “Astrobiological significance of chemolithoautotrophic acidophiles.” Proc. SPIE 5163, 179-190 (2004). 202. Hoover, Richard B. and Pikuta, Elena V. “Microorganisms on comets, Europa, and the Polar Ice Caps of Mars.” Proc. SPIE 5163, 191-201 (2004). 203. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Jerman, Gregory, A and Costen, James “Microfossils in CI and CO carbonaceous meteorites.” Proc. SPIE 5163, 7-22 (2004). 204. Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Hoover, Richard B., “Atlas of Bacteriomorphs in Carbonaceous Meteorites. ” SPIE 5163, 23-35 (2004). 205. Astafieva, Marina M., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. and Hoover, Richard B. “Framboidal structures in Earth rocks and in astromaterials.” Proc. SPIE 5163, 36-47 (2004). 206. Wielopolski, Lucian, Hoover, Richard B. and Mitra, Sudeep, “Search for elemental and mineral biomarkers using inelastic-neutron-scattering gamma spectroscopy .” Proc. SPIE 5163, 111-118 (2004). 207. Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. and Paepe, Roland, R., (eds.), Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology VII, Proc. SPIE 5163, (2004). (Proceedings Volume) 208. Hoover, Richard B., Jerman, Gregory, Rozanov, Alexei Yu. and Sipiera, Paul P. “Indigenous microfossils in carbonaceous meteorites.” Proc. SPIE, 5555, 1-16, (2004). 209. Storrie-Lombardi, Michael C. and Hoover, Richard B. “Fossil signatures using elemental abundance distributions and Bayesian probabilistic classification .” Proc. SPIE, 5555, 18-30, (2004). 210. Astafieva, M., Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu., Vickers-Rich, P. and Wilde, A. “Microbial remains in Middle Proterozoic rocks of Northern Australia.” Proc. SPIE, 5555, 59-69, (2004). 211. Hoover, Richard B., Pikuta, Elena V., Wickramasinghe, N. C., Wallis. M. K. and Sheldon, Robert B., “Astrobiology of Comets.” Proc. SPIE, 5555, 93-106, (2004). 212. Pikuta, Elena V. and Hoover, Richard B. “Growth of the facultative anaerobes from Antarctica, Alaska, and Patagonia at low temperatures.” Proc. SPIE, 5555, 180-190, (2004). 213. Pikuta, Elena V. and Hoover, Richard B. “Potential application of anaerobic extremophiles for hydrogen production.” Proc. SPIE, 5555, 203-214, (2004). 214. Detkova, Ekaterina N., Pikuta, Elena V. and Hoover, Richard B., “Salt-tolerant and high-pH-resistant hydrogenase from the haloalkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfonatronum thiodismutans.” Proc. SPIE 5555, 215-229 (2004). 215. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology VIII, Proc. SPIE, 5555, (2004) 216. Hoover, Richard B., Paepe, Roland, R. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.) Perspectives in Astrobiology, Vol. 366 NATO Science Series: Life and Behavioural Sciences, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 1-240, (2005). (Book). 217. Hoover, R. B. and Rozanov, A. Yu., “Microfossils, Biominerals and Chemical Biomarkers in Meteorites.” In Perspectives in Astrobiology, Vol. 366 NATO Science Series: Life and Behavioural Sciences (R. B. Hoover, R. Paepe, and A. Yu. Rozanov, Eds.) NATO-ASI held in CHANIA, CRETE, 11-18 Sept, 2002. IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1-18, (2005). 218. Pikuta, E. V., Hoover, R. B., Marsic, D., Bej, A., Tang, J. and Krader, P., “Carnobacterium pleistocenium sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobe isolated from Fox Tunnel permafrost, Alaska.” Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 55, 473-478, (2005). 219. Abyzov, S. S., Gerasimenko, L. M., Hoover, R. B. Mitskevich, ., I. N., Mulyukin, A. L., Poglazova, M. N., and Rozanov, A. Yu., “Microbiological methodology in Astrobiology.” Proc. SPIE, 5906, 5906 0A1-17, (2005). 220. Astafieva, M. M., Hoover, R. B., Rozanov, A. Yu. and. Vrevskiy, A. B, “Fossil microorganisms in Archaean deposits of Northern Karelia.” Proc. SPIE, 5906, 0J1-6, (2005). 221. Astafieva, M. M., Vikers-Rich, P., Wilde, A., Rozanov, A. Yu. and Hoover, R. B., “Possible Biogenic Origin of Middle Proterozoic (1.64 Ga) Polymetallic Ores of the McArthur River Deposit in Northern Australia.” Paleontological Journal, 39, 577-581, (2005). Translated from Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, No. 6, 2005, pp. 3 222. Astafieva, M. M., Rozanov, A. Yu. and Hoover, R. B., “Framboids: Their Structure and Origin.” Paleontological Journal, 39, 1-8, (2005). 223. Hoover, Richard B., “Mineralized Remains of Morphotypes of Filamentous Cyanobacteria in Carbonaceous Meteorites.” Proc. SPIE, 5906, 0D1-17, (2005). 224. St. Amand, Ann, Hoover, Richard B., Jerman, Gregory A., Coston, James and Rozanov, Alexei Yu., “Morphology and elemental composition of recent and fossil cyanobacteria.” Proc. SPIE, 5906, 5906003_1-10, (2005). 225. Pikuta, Elena V., Itoh, Takashi and. Hoover, Richard B. “Anaerobic decomposition of cellulose by alkaliphilic microbial community of Owens Lake, California.” Proc. SPIE, 5906, 590604_1-12, (2005). 226. Hoover, Richard B. and Sheldon, Robert B., “Evidence for liquid water on comets.” Proc. SPIE, 5906, 590605_1-19, (2005). 227. Rossignol-Strick, Martine,. Hoover, Richard B ., Jerman, Gregory and Coston, James, “The hollow spheres of the Orgueil meteorite: a re-examination.” Proc. SPIE, 5906, 59060M1-11, (2005). 228. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. and Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.), Astrobiology and Planetary Missions, Proc. SPIE 5906, (2005). (Proceedings Volume) 229. Kumakhov, Muradin A. and Hoover, Richard B. (eds.) X-Ray and Neutron Capillary Optics II, Proc. SPIE 5943, (2005). (Proceedings Volume). 230. Akkurta, H., Groves, J. L., Trombka, J.,, Starr, R., Evans, L., Floyd, S., Hoover, R. and Lim, L., McClanahan, T., James, R., McCoy, T. and Schweitzer, J., "Pulsed neutron generator system for astrobiological and geochemical exploration of planetary bodies." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 241, 232–237, (2005). 231. Pikuta, E. V., Itoh, T., Krader, P., Tang, J. S., Whitman, W. B. and Hoover, R. B., “Anaerovirgula multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel spore-forming, alkaliphilic anaerobe isolated from Owens Lake, California, USA.” Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 56, 2623-2629, (2006). 232. Pikuta, E. V., Hoover, R. B., Bej, A. K., Marsic, D., Whitman, W. B., Krader, P. E., and Tang, J. “Trichococcus patagoniensis sp. nov.,a facultative anaerobe that grows at –5 °C, isolated from penguin guano in Chilean Patagonia.” Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 56, 2055 – 2062, (2006). 233. Abyzov, S. S. Duxbury, N. S., Bobin, N. E., Fukuchi, M., Hoover, R. B., Kanda, H., Mitskevich, I. N., Mulyukin, A. L., Naganuma, T., Poglazova, M. N. and Ivanov, M. V. “Super-long anabiosis of ancient microorganisms in ice and terrestrial models for development of methods to search for life on Mars, Europa and other planetary bodies. ” Advances in Space Research, Space Life Sciences, 38, 1191-1197, (2006). 234. Pikuta, Elena V., Hoover, Richard B., Klyce, Brig, Davies, Paul C. and Davies, Pauline “Bacterial utilization of L-sugars and D-amino acids.” Proc. SPIE 6309, 63090A_1-12, (2006). 235. Hoover, Richard B. “Fossils of Prokaryotic microorganisms in the Orgueil meteorite.” Proc. SPIE 6309, 630902, (2006). 236. Sephton, Mark A. Perry, Randall S., Hoover, Richard B., “Thiophenes as indicators of aqueous alteration in carbonaceous meteorites.” Proc. SPIE 6309, 63090Q_1-5, (2006). 237. Hoover, Richard B. “Comets, asteroids, meteorites, and the origin of the Biosphere.” Proc. SPIE 6309, 63090J_1-12, (2006). 238. Astafieva, Marina M., Hoover, Richard B., Rozanov, Alexei Yu. and Vrevskiy, Alexander B. “Fossil microorganisms in the Archaean.” Proc. SPIE 6309, 630904_1-10, (2006). 239. Sheldon, Robert B. and Hoover, Richard B. Implications of cometary water: deep impact, stardust, and Hyabusa.” Proc. SPIE 6309, 63090L_1-9, (2006). 240. Storrie-Lombardi, Michael C. and Hoover, Richard B. “Probabilistic geobiological classification using elemental abundance distributions and lossless image compression in fossils, meteorites, and microorganisms.” Proc. SPIE 6309, 63090K_1-14, (2006). 241. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. and Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology IX, Proc. SPIE 6309, (2006). (Proceedings Volume). 242. Pikuta, E. V., Marsic, D., Itoh, T., Bej, A. K., Tang, J., Whitman, W. B., Ng, J. D., Garriott, O. K., and Hoover, R. B., “Thermococcus thioreducens sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic, obligately sulfur-reducing archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.” Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 1612-1618, (2007). 243. Pikuta, E. V., Hoover, R. B. and Tang, J. “Microbial Extremophiles at the Limits of Life.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 33, 183-209, (2007). 244. Abbas, M. M. , Tankosic, D., Craven, P. D., Hoover, R. B., Taylor, L. A, Spann, J. F., LeClair, A. and West, E. A “Measurements of Photoelectric Yields of individual Lunar dust grains.” Proc. Dust in Planetary Systems, ESA SP-643, 165-170, (2007). 245. Levin, G. V., Miller, J. D., Straat, P. A., Lodder, R., and Hoover, R. B. "Detecting Life and Biology-Related Parameters on Mars." IEEE Aerospace Conference, 1, 1-15 (2007). 246. Richard B. Hoover, “Microfossils of cyanobacteria in carbonaceous meteorites.” Proc. SPIE 6694, 669408, (2007). 247. Richard B. Hoover, “Ratios of Biogenic Elements for Distinguishing Recent from Fossil Microorganisms.” Proc. SPIE 6694, 66940D, (2007). 248. Elena V. Pikuta and Richard B. Hoover, “Microbial Extremophiles in Extremophile Aspect.” Proc. SPIE 6694, 66941C, (2007). 249. Robert Sheldon and Richard B. Hoover, “The Cometary Biosphere.” Proc. SPIE 6694, 66940H, (2007). 250. Richard Gordon and Richard B. Hoover, “Could there have been a Single Origin of Life in a Big Bang Universe.” SPIE 6694, 669404, (2007). 251. Richard Gordon, Richard B. Hoover, Jack A.Tuszynski, Javier de Luis, Philip J. Camp, Mary Ann Tiffany, Stephen S. Nagy, Mostafa Fayek, Pascal J. Lopez and Beatriz E.Lerner, “Diatoms in Space: Testing Prospects for Reliable Diatom Nanotechnology in Microgravity.” Proc. SPIE 6694, 66940V, (2007). 252. Alexei Yu. Rozanov, Marina M. Astafieva and Hoover, R. B., “Early Proterozoic (2.04 GA) phosphorites of Pechenga Greenstone Belt and their origin.” SPIE 6694, 669409, (2007). 253. Hoover, Richard B., Levin, Gilbert V. & Rozanov, Alexei, Yu. and Davies, Paul C. W. (eds.), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology X, Proc. SPIE 6694, (2007). (Proceedings Volume). 254. Hoover, Richard B. “Comets, Carbonaceous Meteorites and the Origin of the Biosphere” in Biosphere Origin and Evolution (N. Dobretsov, N. Kolchanov, A. Rozanov and G. Zavarzin, Eds.) Springer US, New York 55-68, (2008). (Book Chapter). 255. Hoover, Richard B. “Schirmacher Oasis/Lake Untersee Antarctica Astrobiology Expedition.” Expedition Report, Flag #162, The Explorers Club, New York, pp.1-22 (2008) 256. Hoover, Richard B. “Microfossils of filamentous prokaryotes in CI1 and CM2 meteorites.”, Proc. SPIE 7097, (2008) 257. Astafieva, M. M., Rozanov, A. Yu,, Cornell, D. H. and Hoover, R. B. “Development of living organisms on the lava-water interface of Palaeoproterozoic Ongeluk lavas of South Africa.” Proc. SPIE 7097, (2008). 258. Rozanov, A. Yu. Astafieva, M. M. and Hoover, R. B. “The early Earth and its environments.” Proc. SPIE 7097, (2008). 259. Mojib, N., Bej, Asim K. and Hoover, Richard B. “Diversity and cold adaptation of microorganisms isolated from the Schirmacher Oasis, Antar

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